Effects of Dietary Intervention Using Spirulina at Graded Levels on Productive Performance and Physiological Status of Quail Birds Reared under Elevated Temperatures

The current study aimed to explore the effect of Spirulina platensis (SP) inclusion at various levels in quail diets, terms their production performance, physiological traits, stress measurements, and immunological parameters under heat (HS) conditions. Four hundred Japanese (Coturnix japonica) chicks, one day old, were equally distributed into forty wire cages, cages placed two chambers with environmentally controlled systems (20 each chamber). From 21 42 d age, quails randomly subjected a factorial design HS treatments × four SP treatments. To induce quails, first chamber was maintained thermoneutral temperature 24 °C (TN group), while second elevated 35 during daytime (9:00–17:00 h), followed by for remaining h cycle (HS group). birds further allocated (5 replicate 10 per cage treatment), where fed on basal diet that included 0, 5, 10, or 15 g/kg (SP0, SP5, SP10, SP15 groups, respectively). After exposure HS, significant (p < 0.05) reduction 5% body weight 9% both gain feed intake recorded, slaughter performance adversely affected. In addition, significantly impaired traits (total protein, albumin, globulin, alanine transferase, aspartate creatinine, uric acid, cholesterol, triglycerides) white blood cells, heterophil lymphocyte ratio, T- B-lymphocyte stimulation indexes), but increased measurements (corticosterone, malondialdehyde, interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α). contrast, most these linearly improved increasing diets TN group. When group, deleterious effects transferase activities, triglycerides, corticosterone, factor-α levels, indexes remarkably relieved. These results concluded nutritional application can improve overall homeostasis quail, especially when suffering from stress.